The term "Cyberpunk" is the result of a combination of "cyber" (ancient Greek: the art of government or to control the origin of the word cybernetics.) And "punk".
The word "cyberpunk" itself was popularized by Gardner Dozois, renowned editor of Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine. It is December 30, 1984, in the Washington Post, an article entitled Dozois SF in the Eighties "called" cyberpunk "style wholly the work of the writer William Gibson, and more particularly novel Neuromancer (1984). He also described a group of young authors 'bizarre' writing in the fanzine Cheap Truth: Bruce Sterling, William Gibson, Lewis Shiner (en), Pat Cadigan, Greg Bear. The "movement" cyberpunk was born. The term, however, had been used earlier, in November 1983 by the American writer Bruce Bethke, as the title of one of his stories published in November 1983 in the magazine Amazing Science Fiction Stories .
The "Cyberpunk" is a confluence and conflict themes Hacker, artificial intelligence and multinationals taking place mostly in the near future on Earth, in opposition to science fiction stories set in a more width: space travel, explore new areas, conflicts involving the universe known and unknown ... The place where the story takes place has character dystopian "punk" in the sense that the characters doing their best to cope in a disorganized world where the future is already past, finding themselves in the gray area between an "almost-Apocalypse" and the post-apocalyptic, see their shares encounter irremovable interests, impalpable.
The assimilation of the term "punk" is also induced by the movement's slogan "No Future! "And aesthetics at once familiar and very aggressive (especially the branch called" neo-punk ", including the Mohawk, cutting" Iroquois "). The political implication is especially anarchist opposition to the power structure totally devoid of ethics, very strongly denounced and fought most of the time.
The Cyberpunk and takes over from sub-genre post-nuke "(post-apocalyptic) just when the Cold War ends and where the Berlin Wall fell. The fear of a nuclear Apocalypse is replaced by that of GMOs on human cloning of any computer, close contacts between the real and the virtual and deviations in which capitalism causes mad progress of science. Visually, the works such as Mad Max or RanXerox place these topics in a new world natural or urban totally devastated and thus ensure the smooth transition.
We can say without being simplistic is that cyberpunk film noir science fiction. Indeed, cyberpunk works do not have the elegance or the cleanliness that can be found in other sci-fi space opera as, for example. Cyberpunk worlds are full of violence and pessimism, they are often dismal, sometimes ironically grating (Mirrorshades, Bruce Sterling, 1986), the characters are disillusioned anti-hero, cynical and greedy. It is in this sense that one qualifies the universe cyberpunk dystopia.Cyberpunk is characterized by a series of recurring elements detailed below.
The purpose of cyberpunk works are often to highlight the defects of our civilization, the world is often described in the near future the real world. It is often a rather pessimistic view of our future. Thus there are described problems such as pollution, the rise of crime, overpopulation, the gap becoming wider between the wealthy minority and poor majority.
This close timing with the twenty-first century cyberpunk works makes for harrowing plausible future tormented, ultra-violent and dehumanized they describe seems so accessible to the reader. This is reinforced by the fact that technological innovations described by cyberpunk works in the early 1980s have now become quasi-feasible: the matrix, a global network connecting all the individuals which looks more and more Internet, is the most striking example.
However, some writers of science fiction, like Joe Haldeman, insist that science fiction and cyberpunk in particular are not intended to predict the future but to describe this. The novel Stand on Zanzibar (John Brunner, 1968) describes such overcrowded companies whose members have developed an exaggerated individualism while delegating responsibility and power to think of supercomputing, which is nothing the highlighted elements observable in the years 1960-1970.
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